Spawning biomass reference points for exploited marine fishes, incorporating taxonomic and body size information

نویسندگان

  • James T. Thorson
  • Jason M. Cope
  • Trevor A. Branch
  • Olaf P. Jensen
چکیده

Surplus production represents the processes that affect sustainable fishery harvest and is central to the ecology and management of marine fishes. Taxonomy and life history influence the ratio of spawning biomass at maximum sustainable yield to average unfished spawning biomass (SBMSY/SB0), and estimating this ratio for individual stocks is notoriously difficult. We use a database of published landings data and stock assessment biomass estimates and determine that process errors predominate in this data set by fitting a state–space model to data from each stock individually. We then fit multispecies process-error models while treating SBMSY/SB0 as a random effect that varies by taxonomic order and maximum length. The estimated SBMSY/SB0 = 0.40 for all 147 stocks is intermediate between the values assumed by the Fox and the Schaefer models, although Clupeiformes and Perciformes have lower and Gadiformes and Scorpaeniformes have higher SBMSY/SB0 values. Model selection supports the hypothesis that large-bodied fishes for a given taxonomic order have relatively higher SBMSY/SB0. Results can be used to define reference points for data-poor fisheries or as input in emerging assessment methods. Résumé : La production excédentaire représente les processus qui ont une incidence sur la récolte de poissons durable et est un élément clé de l’écologie et de la gestion des poissons marins. La taxonomie et le cycle biologique influencent le rapport entre la biomasse féconde correspondant au rendement maximum durable et la biomasse féconde non exploitée moyenne (SBMSY/SB0), l’estimation de ce rapport pour des stocks donnés étant particulièrement difficile. Nous utilisons une base de données sur les débarquements publiées et des estimations de la biomasse reposant sur des évaluations des stocks et déterminons, en ajustant un modèle d’espace d’états aux données pour chaque stock pris individuellement, que les erreurs de traitement dominent dans cette base de données. Nous ajustons ensuite des modèles multi-espèces d’erreur de traitement en traitant le rapport SBMSY/SB0 comme s’il s’agissait d’un effet aléatoire qui varie selon l’ordre taxonomique et la longueur maximum. La valeur de SBMSY/SB0 = 0,40 estimée pour les 147 stocks est intermédiaire entre les valeurs implicites dans les modèles de Fox et de Schaefer, bien que les SBMSY/SB0 des Clupéïformes et les Perciformes soient plus faibles et ceux des Gadiformes et des Scorpaeniformes, plus grands. La sélection de modèle appuie l’hypothèse voulant que les poissons à grands corps d’un ordre taxonomique donné présentent un SBMSY/SB0 relativement plus élevé. Ces résultats peuvent servir à définir des points de référence pour les pêches pour lesquelles peu de données sont disponibles ou comme intrants pour de nouvelles méthodes d’évaluation. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2012